In the very beginning of dog breeding, breeders connected alike to alike.
The social status, interest and ability to read and write on breeder of that time affected, how they kept book about their breeding stock. Pedigrees didn't mean much; no registration books existed as we know them today. New individual dogs could be taken into race whenever there was a need- if they just had qualities what breeders did want to conserve. Accidentally matings were accepted in the breed stock - if the puppies were found useful.
Read more about Inbreeding!